A new study has found that HIV appears to attack normal, healthy genital tissue in women and does not require breaks in the skin to infiltrate cells, offering new perspectives on how the virus is spread, researchers said on Tuesday, Reuters reports. Thomas Hope, a study author from Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, said that scientists have had little detailed understanding of how HIV is transmitted sexually in women and that it was "previously thought there had to be a break in [genital tissue] somehow" for women to contract the virus. He added that the study's findings show that "[n]ormal skin is vulnerable."
For the study, researchers in a partnership between Northwestern and Tulane University introduced HIV -- which carried fluorescent, light-activated tracers, a new method developed to better see how the virus worked -- to newly removed vaginal tissue taken from hysterectomy surgeries. A microscope was used to observe the virus as it penetrated the outer lining of the female genital tract -- also called the squamous epithelium -- and found that HIV was able to move quickly past the skin barrier to reach immune cells. The process also was observed in nonhuman primates, according to Reuters. In addition, the results of the study suggest that HIV focuses on areas of the genital tissue where skin cells recently had been shed, Hope said (Steenhuysen, Reuters, 12/16). Hope said the results are "an important and unexpected result -- we have a new understanding of how HIV can invade the female vaginal tract." He added, "We urgently need new prevention strategies or therapeutics to block the entry of HIV through a woman's genital skin" (BBC News, 12/17).
According to Reuters, researchers in the past have assumed that HIV sought out breaks in the skin -- like a herpes sore -- to gain access to immune system cells deeper in tissue, and some thought the normal lining of the vaginal tract could work as a barrier to transmission during sexual intercourse. Reuters reports that the study "casts doubt" on the theory that HIV transmission requires a break in the skin or that the virus gains access through the cervical canal's single layer of skin cells. The findings also "might explain why some prevention efforts" -- such as diaphragms or herpes treatment -- have "failed," Reuters reports (Reuters, 12/16).
Lisa Power from the Terrence Higgins Trust in the United Kingdom said the results are an "important finding" but "sadly, not surprising" because it has been "long known that it is easier for a man to transmit HIV sexually to a woman than for a woman to transmit it to a man." She added that the study "helps us understand why" and "will help in developing better prevention mechanisms -- but until then, it's more clear than ever that a condom is a vital part of safer sex." The British not-for-profit organization AVERT said that the study "serves to strengthen" the argument for condom use during heterosexual intercourse and "will hopefully give weight to the need for safer heterosexual sex to be advocated further by governments and practitioners worldwide" (BBC News, 12/17). According to Hope, the findings emphasize the importance of methods to prevent transmission, such as a vaccine and condom use. He said, "People need to remember that they are vulnerable. The sad part is if people just used a condom, we wouldn't have this problem" (Reuters, 12/16).
Showing posts with label abacavir. Show all posts
Showing posts with label abacavir. Show all posts
Thursday, December 18, 2008
Ryan White Funding Delays
Errors in a public notice last week in New Orleans have forced city officials to delay the start of the 2009 process for distributing an expected $5 million in Ryan White Program funding for local HIV/AIDS agencies, the New Orleans Times-Picayune reports. The announcement of the delay comes after Fran Lawless -- who serves as director of Mayor Ray Nagin's Office of Health Care Policy -- in October testified before the city council's Housing and Human Needs Committee that 2008 funding distribution was delayed by six months and that service providers went without funding from March to October.
According to the Times-Picayune, City Council member Arnie Fielkow called on officials to begin the application process for 2009 earlier in the year. In an effort to meet this request, officials listed a public request for proposals in the Times-Picayune on Dec. 8, 9 and 10, which set the deadline for picking up applications as Dec. 5 -- a date that had already past. The deadline for submission also was listed incorrectly in the electronic notice sent directly to the service providers, which left many of them confused, according to the Times-Picayune. Carlos Butler -- Health Policy office manager and the contact who was listed in the public notice -- said that the request for proposals was canceled and referred questions to Lawless and a Nagin spokesperson, who did not respond to requests for comment, the Times-Picayune reports.
Several agencies that receive funding to provide assistance to more than 4,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in the city complained in October that they would be unable to operate if their funding continued to face delays as it had in 2008, according to the Times-Picayune. Doug Morgan, who administers Ryan White Program funding for the federal Health Resources and Service Administration, said, "Our hope is that some of the issues they faced in [2008] will not be repeated in [2009]." He added, "I'm unhappy to learn the initial draft of the (requests for proposal) had glitches in it. It sounds like they're close to repeating some of the timelines they had last year, and that makes me a little nervous."
A new notice appeared Tuesday in the Times-Picayune and the deadline for submitting requests was listed as Jan. 9. The notice also will appear Wednesday and Thursday in the newspaper. Dave Munroe of In This Together -- a not-for-profit agency serving 225 patients that was forced to shut down over the summer because of the delay in funding and reopened in October -- said that the agency will not apply for 2009 funding because of "continuing issues of truthfulness, transparency and professionalism" at the city level (Hammer, New Orleans Times-Picayune, 12/17).
In the event that funding runs out, and you require alternatives, please visit www.aids-drugs-online.com
According to the Times-Picayune, City Council member Arnie Fielkow called on officials to begin the application process for 2009 earlier in the year. In an effort to meet this request, officials listed a public request for proposals in the Times-Picayune on Dec. 8, 9 and 10, which set the deadline for picking up applications as Dec. 5 -- a date that had already past. The deadline for submission also was listed incorrectly in the electronic notice sent directly to the service providers, which left many of them confused, according to the Times-Picayune. Carlos Butler -- Health Policy office manager and the contact who was listed in the public notice -- said that the request for proposals was canceled and referred questions to Lawless and a Nagin spokesperson, who did not respond to requests for comment, the Times-Picayune reports.
Several agencies that receive funding to provide assistance to more than 4,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in the city complained in October that they would be unable to operate if their funding continued to face delays as it had in 2008, according to the Times-Picayune. Doug Morgan, who administers Ryan White Program funding for the federal Health Resources and Service Administration, said, "Our hope is that some of the issues they faced in [2008] will not be repeated in [2009]." He added, "I'm unhappy to learn the initial draft of the (requests for proposal) had glitches in it. It sounds like they're close to repeating some of the timelines they had last year, and that makes me a little nervous."
A new notice appeared Tuesday in the Times-Picayune and the deadline for submitting requests was listed as Jan. 9. The notice also will appear Wednesday and Thursday in the newspaper. Dave Munroe of In This Together -- a not-for-profit agency serving 225 patients that was forced to shut down over the summer because of the delay in funding and reopened in October -- said that the agency will not apply for 2009 funding because of "continuing issues of truthfulness, transparency and professionalism" at the city level (Hammer, New Orleans Times-Picayune, 12/17).
In the event that funding runs out, and you require alternatives, please visit www.aids-drugs-online.com
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
FDA Approves Prezista for Use in Treatment Naive Individuals
FDA on Tuesday approved Johnson & Johnson's protease inhibitor Prezista for use by people who have never taken antiretroviral drugs in the past, the Wall Street Journal reports. FDA in 2006 approved Prezista for HIV-positive people who had developed resistance to other drugs. The agency also granted tentative approval for the drug as part of FDA's accelerated approval mechanism, which allows drugs to be sold while further studies are conducted. J&J obtained full approval for Prezista after submitting studies to FDA through this mechanism (Corbett Dooren, Wall Street Journal, 10/23).
According to J&J, patients beginning HIV treatment should take Prezista -- generically known as darunavir -- in combination with ritonavir. Ritonavir -- sold by Abbott Laboratories under the brand name Norvir -- works in combination with Prezista by slowing down the body's processing of the drug, Reuters reports (Reuters, 10/22). As a protease inhibitor, Prezista works by blocking a protein that HIV requires for replication. Treatment-naive HIV-positive people are recommended to take two 400 mg tablets of Prezista with 100 mg of ritonavir twice daily, and patients who have previously taken other HIV medications are recommended to take 600 mg of Prezista twice daily. J&J will discontinue the production of a 300 mg tablet following a decline in demand. According to the company, the wholesale price of the drug is about $740 monthly.
Glenn Mattes, president of J&J's Tibotec Therapeutics, said FDA approval of Prezista for newly diagnosed HIV-positive people "is a significant expansion of our ability to reach the entire population of patients who should be treated with a protease inhibitor." According to the AP/Boston Globe, during a study that compared Prezista with Kaletra -- a similar drug produced by Abbott -- 84% of patients treated with Prezista had HIV viral loads drop to an undetectable level, compared with 78% of patients taking Kaletra. However, this difference was not considered statistically significant (AP/Boston Globe, 10/22). Side effects of Prezista include diarrhea, headache, nausea, skin rash and, in some cases, hepatitis and liver failure (Reuters, 10/22).
According to J&J, patients beginning HIV treatment should take Prezista -- generically known as darunavir -- in combination with ritonavir. Ritonavir -- sold by Abbott Laboratories under the brand name Norvir -- works in combination with Prezista by slowing down the body's processing of the drug, Reuters reports (Reuters, 10/22). As a protease inhibitor, Prezista works by blocking a protein that HIV requires for replication. Treatment-naive HIV-positive people are recommended to take two 400 mg tablets of Prezista with 100 mg of ritonavir twice daily, and patients who have previously taken other HIV medications are recommended to take 600 mg of Prezista twice daily. J&J will discontinue the production of a 300 mg tablet following a decline in demand. According to the company, the wholesale price of the drug is about $740 monthly.
Glenn Mattes, president of J&J's Tibotec Therapeutics, said FDA approval of Prezista for newly diagnosed HIV-positive people "is a significant expansion of our ability to reach the entire population of patients who should be treated with a protease inhibitor." According to the AP/Boston Globe, during a study that compared Prezista with Kaletra -- a similar drug produced by Abbott -- 84% of patients treated with Prezista had HIV viral loads drop to an undetectable level, compared with 78% of patients taking Kaletra. However, this difference was not considered statistically significant (AP/Boston Globe, 10/22). Side effects of Prezista include diarrhea, headache, nausea, skin rash and, in some cases, hepatitis and liver failure (Reuters, 10/22).
Urbanization Among Native Youth Can Increase HIV Rates Amongst the Native Population
Aboriginal youth from northern parts of the Canadian province of British Columbia recently gathered for a three-day conference on HIV/AIDS in an effort to curb the spread of the disease in their communities, the CP/Prince George Citizen reports. Conference attendees, ages 15 to 22, were selected by the First Nations chiefs, councils and health directors.
Emma Palmantier, chair of the Northern B.C. Aboriginal HIV/AIDS Task Force, said that youth attending the conference are expected to take knowledge back to their communities. She added the goal of the training is to give young people basic knowledge about HIV/AIDS, in addition to lessons on sexuality and teen pregnancy, lectures, workshops and group discussions. The CP/Citizen reports that at the end of the conference, the attendees will make recommendations to the task force, chiefs and councils, which will then be used to develop community action plans.
Palmantier said that because many youth who move to urban areas like Prince George and Vancouver come from low-income families, they often turn to commercial sex work and drug trafficking as ways to survive. She said, "The governments need to come up with funds to train these youth in trades and jobs so they can live normal lives. There's a big door of opportunity for training" (Trick, CP/Prince George Citizen, 10/21).
For access to ARV's please visit www.aids-drugs-online.com
Emma Palmantier, chair of the Northern B.C. Aboriginal HIV/AIDS Task Force, said that youth attending the conference are expected to take knowledge back to their communities. She added the goal of the training is to give young people basic knowledge about HIV/AIDS, in addition to lessons on sexuality and teen pregnancy, lectures, workshops and group discussions. The CP/Citizen reports that at the end of the conference, the attendees will make recommendations to the task force, chiefs and councils, which will then be used to develop community action plans.
Palmantier said that because many youth who move to urban areas like Prince George and Vancouver come from low-income families, they often turn to commercial sex work and drug trafficking as ways to survive. She said, "The governments need to come up with funds to train these youth in trades and jobs so they can live normal lives. There's a big door of opportunity for training" (Trick, CP/Prince George Citizen, 10/21).
For access to ARV's please visit www.aids-drugs-online.com
Saturday, September 20, 2008
Imprisonment of Physicians Who 'Pioneered' Treatment of HIV-Positive Iranians
If Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad holds a news conference during his visit to the United Nations General Assembly next week, he should be asked why two physicians who started a broad HIV/AIDS awareness campaign in Iran and "pioneered the treatment of Iranian victims of HIV/AIDS" have been imprisoned, Philadelphia Inquirer columnist Trudy Rubin writes in an opinion piece.
According to Rubin, Arash Alaei and his brother, Kamiar -- whom Rubin interviewed in spring 2007 -- started a grass-roots campaign in Iran to treat people living with HIV/AIDS and raise awareness about the epidemic. The brothers were jailed in Iran in late June and, according to Iranian news reports, have been charged with fomenting "a velvet revolution," Rubin writes, adding that the phrase is "shorthand for trying to organize civil society against the regime."
The "irony" of the charges, Rubin writes, is that the brothers were "hoping to increase scientific collaboration with U.S. medical experts in a way that avoids politics." Is "this what scares Iranian officials?" Rubin asks, adding that officials also might fear medical cooperation with the U.S. would threaten the population's fear of a U.S. attack. Ahmadinejad also might be concerned of public unrest before the country's 2009 presidential election, Rubin writes. "[N]one of this explains arresting the doctors Alaei," Rubin writes, concluding it "indicates a government that fears the best and the brightest of its own people" (Rubin, Philadelphia Inquirer, 9/17).
According to Rubin, Arash Alaei and his brother, Kamiar -- whom Rubin interviewed in spring 2007 -- started a grass-roots campaign in Iran to treat people living with HIV/AIDS and raise awareness about the epidemic. The brothers were jailed in Iran in late June and, according to Iranian news reports, have been charged with fomenting "a velvet revolution," Rubin writes, adding that the phrase is "shorthand for trying to organize civil society against the regime."
The "irony" of the charges, Rubin writes, is that the brothers were "hoping to increase scientific collaboration with U.S. medical experts in a way that avoids politics." Is "this what scares Iranian officials?" Rubin asks, adding that officials also might fear medical cooperation with the U.S. would threaten the population's fear of a U.S. attack. Ahmadinejad also might be concerned of public unrest before the country's 2009 presidential election, Rubin writes. "[N]one of this explains arresting the doctors Alaei," Rubin writes, concluding it "indicates a government that fears the best and the brightest of its own people" (Rubin, Philadelphia Inquirer, 9/17).
Rising HIV Prevalence Among MSM in Hong Kong
The senior medical director of Hong Kong's Centre for Health Protection, Raymond Ho Lei-ming, on Tuesday warned residents that HIV prevalence in the region is increasing among men who have sex with men, Hong Kong's Standard reports (Chui, The Standard, 9/17).
According to Ho, a study released last year found that HIV prevalence among MSM in Hong Kong is about 4%, up from a 1% HIV prevalence rate in previous years. Ho said prevalence among MSM in the region could top 30% by 2020 if current trends continue. According to Ho, sex parties and low condom use have been attributed to the increased number of cases. "If we don't do anything, we are looking at a worst-case scenario," Ho said (Benitez, South China Morning Post, 9/17). He called for people at risk of HIV infection to get tested and for greater condom use and other HIV prevention measures (Standard, 9/17).
Loretta Wong Wai-kwan, the CEO of AIDS Concern, a volunteer organization offering HIV/AIDS support and prevention programs in Hong Kong, said that the number of HIV/AIDS clinics in Hong Kong has remained stagnant over the past decade. She added, "How do the existing human resources or facilities cope with the increasing case load?" (South China Morning Post, 9/17).
www.aids-drugs-online.com
According to Ho, a study released last year found that HIV prevalence among MSM in Hong Kong is about 4%, up from a 1% HIV prevalence rate in previous years. Ho said prevalence among MSM in the region could top 30% by 2020 if current trends continue. According to Ho, sex parties and low condom use have been attributed to the increased number of cases. "If we don't do anything, we are looking at a worst-case scenario," Ho said (Benitez, South China Morning Post, 9/17). He called for people at risk of HIV infection to get tested and for greater condom use and other HIV prevention measures (Standard, 9/17).
Loretta Wong Wai-kwan, the CEO of AIDS Concern, a volunteer organization offering HIV/AIDS support and prevention programs in Hong Kong, said that the number of HIV/AIDS clinics in Hong Kong has remained stagnant over the past decade. She added, "How do the existing human resources or facilities cope with the increasing case load?" (South China Morning Post, 9/17).
www.aids-drugs-online.com
Rising HIV Prevalence Among MSM in Hong Kong
The senior medical director of Hong Kong's Centre for Health Protection, Raymond Ho Lei-ming, on Tuesday warned residents that HIV prevalence in the region is increasing among men who have sex with men, Hong Kong's Standard reports (Chui, The Standard, 9/17).
According to Ho, a study released last year found that HIV prevalence among MSM in Hong Kong is about 4%, up from a 1% HIV prevalence rate in previous years. Ho said prevalence among MSM in the region could top 30% by 2020 if current trends continue. According to Ho, sex parties and low condom use have been attributed to the increased number of cases. "If we don't do anything, we are looking at a worst-case scenario," Ho said (Benitez, South China Morning Post, 9/17). He called for people at risk of HIV infection to get tested and for greater condom use and other HIV prevention measures (Standard, 9/17).
Loretta Wong Wai-kwan, the CEO of AIDS Concern, a volunteer organization offering HIV/AIDS support and prevention programs in Hong Kong, said that the number of HIV/AIDS clinics in Hong Kong has remained stagnant over the past decade. She added, "How do the existing human resources or facilities cope with the increasing case load?" (South China Morning Post, 9/17).
http://www.aids-drugs-online.com
According to Ho, a study released last year found that HIV prevalence among MSM in Hong Kong is about 4%, up from a 1% HIV prevalence rate in previous years. Ho said prevalence among MSM in the region could top 30% by 2020 if current trends continue. According to Ho, sex parties and low condom use have been attributed to the increased number of cases. "If we don't do anything, we are looking at a worst-case scenario," Ho said (Benitez, South China Morning Post, 9/17). He called for people at risk of HIV infection to get tested and for greater condom use and other HIV prevention measures (Standard, 9/17).
Loretta Wong Wai-kwan, the CEO of AIDS Concern, a volunteer organization offering HIV/AIDS support and prevention programs in Hong Kong, said that the number of HIV/AIDS clinics in Hong Kong has remained stagnant over the past decade. She added, "How do the existing human resources or facilities cope with the increasing case load?" (South China Morning Post, 9/17).
http://www.aids-drugs-online.com
Monday, August 18, 2008
FDA Gives Tentative Approval to New Generic AIDS Drug
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today announced the tentative approval of a generic AIDS drug - abacavir (a-BAK-a-veer) sulfate tablets manufactured by Aurobindo Pharma LTD. of Hyderabad, India. Abacavir sulfate tablets are the first generic version of the already approved Ziagen Tablets, an anti-HIV medication manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. This product will now be available for consideration for purchase under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.
"FDA's action adds yet another anti-HIV product to those available for purchase under the President's Plan and demonstrates our continuing commitment to ensuring that safe, effective, and quality manufactured medications are available for purchase under the President's Plan," said Murray M. Lumpkin, M.D., Deputy Commissioner for International and Special Programs.
The President's Emergency Plan for AIDSRelief, which President Bush first announced in his 2003 State of the Union Address, is currently providing $15 billion to fight the HIV/AIDS pandemic over five years, with a special focus on 15 of the hardest hit countries. The President's plan is designed to prevent seven million new HIV infections, treat at least two million HIV-infected people, and care for ten million HIV-affected individuals, AIDS orphans and vulnerable children. It targets three specific areas related to HIV/AIDS:
Prevention of HIV transmission;
Treatment of AIDS and associated conditions;
Care, including palliative care for HIV infected-individuals, and care for orphans and vulnerable children.
Abacavir is one of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), a class of drugs that helps keep the AIDS virus from reproducing. It is used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
The agency's tentative approval of this product means that Aurobindo's product meets all of FDA's manufacturing quality and clinical safety and efficacy standards. Although existing patents and/or exclusivity prevent its marketing in the United States, the product can be marketed abroad and used under the PEPFAR plan.
More information on HIV and AIDS is available online at FDA's website:http://www.fda.gov/oashi/aids/hiv.html
"FDA's action adds yet another anti-HIV product to those available for purchase under the President's Plan and demonstrates our continuing commitment to ensuring that safe, effective, and quality manufactured medications are available for purchase under the President's Plan," said Murray M. Lumpkin, M.D., Deputy Commissioner for International and Special Programs.
The President's Emergency Plan for AIDSRelief, which President Bush first announced in his 2003 State of the Union Address, is currently providing $15 billion to fight the HIV/AIDS pandemic over five years, with a special focus on 15 of the hardest hit countries. The President's plan is designed to prevent seven million new HIV infections, treat at least two million HIV-infected people, and care for ten million HIV-affected individuals, AIDS orphans and vulnerable children. It targets three specific areas related to HIV/AIDS:
Prevention of HIV transmission;
Treatment of AIDS and associated conditions;
Care, including palliative care for HIV infected-individuals, and care for orphans and vulnerable children.
Abacavir is one of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), a class of drugs that helps keep the AIDS virus from reproducing. It is used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
The agency's tentative approval of this product means that Aurobindo's product meets all of FDA's manufacturing quality and clinical safety and efficacy standards. Although existing patents and/or exclusivity prevent its marketing in the United States, the product can be marketed abroad and used under the PEPFAR plan.
More information on HIV and AIDS is available online at FDA's website:http://www.fda.gov/oashi/aids/hiv.html
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